Negosiasi global tentang Polusi Plastik dimulai dengan diawali oleh UNEA5 di kantor UNEP Nairobi Kenya; prosesnya diperkirakan akan makan waktu 2 tahun - yang rencananya akan mengatur tentang produksi, disain dan buangan (production, design and disposal) plastik.
Global Agreement on Plastic Pollution/ Traktat Internasional tentang Polusi Plastik
Simak Reaksi terhadap draf resolusi
Kompilasi oleh Riza V. Tjahjadi
biotano@gmail.com
Ada kabar baik,
Seluruh anggota Perserikatan bangsa-bangsa, PBB, dalam Sidang Umum Program Lingkungan Hidup PBB (UNEP) pada tanggal 3 Maret 2022 telah menerbitkan resolusi, Resolusi itu pada pokoknya seluruh anggota PBB sepakat menyusun satu Kesepakatan Global yang secara hukum mengikat. Yaitu untuk mengatasi Polusi Plastik, termasuk sampah plastik, plastik mikro serta produksi dan disain plastik.
Kesepakatan itu akan disusun selama dua tahun yaitu terhitung dari tahun ini, 2022, hingga tahun 2024.
Simak Siaran Pers UNEP
02 MAR 2022
PRESS RELEASE
ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTS AND GOVERNANCE
Historic day in the campaign to beat plastic pollution: Nations commit to develop a legally binding agreement
UNEP / 02 Mar 2022
Nairobi, 02 March 2022 – Heads of State, Ministers of environment and other representatives from 175 nations endorsed a historic resolution at the UN Environment Assembly (UNEA-5) today in Nairobi to End Plastic Pollution and forge an international legally binding agreement by 2024. The resolution addresses the full lifecycle of plastic, including its production, design and disposal.
“Against the backdrop of geopolitical turmoil, the UN Environment Assembly shows multilateral cooperation at its best,” said the President of UNEA-5 and Norway’s Minister for Climate and the Environment, Espen Barth Eide. “Plastic pollution has grown into an epidemic. With today’s resolution we are officially on track for a cure.”
The resolution, based on three initial draft resolutions from various nations, establishes an Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC), which will begin its work in 2022, with the ambition of completing a draft global legally binding agreement by the end of 2024. It is expected to present a legally binding instrument, which would reflect diverse alternatives to address the full lifecycle of plastics, the design of reusable and recyclable products and materials, and the need for enhanced international collaboration to facilitate access to technology, capacity building and scientific and technical cooperation.
The UN Environment Programme (UNEP) will convene a forum by the end of 2022 that is open to all stakeholders in conjunction with the first session of the INC, to share knowledge and best practices in different parts of the world. It will facilitate open discussions and ensure they are informed by science, reporting on progress throughout the next two years. Finally, upon completion of the INC’s work, UNEP will convene a diplomatic conference to adopt its outcome and open it for signatures.
“Today marks a triumph by planet earth over single-use plastics. This is the most significant environmental multilateral deal since the Paris accord. It is an insurance policy for this generation and future ones, so they may live with plastic and not be doomed by it.” said Inger Andersen, Executive Director of UNEP.
“Let it be clear that the INC’s mandate does not grant any stakeholder a two-year pause. In parallel to negotiations over an international binding agreement, UNEP will work with any willing government and business across the value chain to shift away from single-use plastics, as well as to mobilise private finance and remove barriers to investments in research and in a new circular economy,” Andersen added.
Plastic production soared from 2 million tonnes in 1950 to 348 million tonnes in 2017, becoming a global industry valued at US$522.6 billion, and it is expected to double in capacity by 2040. The impacts of plastic production and pollution on the triple planetary crisis of climate change, nature loss and pollution are a catastrophe in the making:
Exposure to plastics can harm human health, potentially affecting fertility, hormonal, metabolic and neurological activity, and open burning of plastics contributes to air pollution.
By 2050 greenhouse gas emissions associated with plastic production, use and disposal would account for 15 per cent of allowed emissions, under the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5°C (34.7°F).
More than 800 marine and coastal species are affected by this pollution through ingestion, entanglement, and other dangers.
Some 11 million tonnes of plastic waste flow annually into oceans. This may triple by 2040.
A shift to a circular economy can reduce the volume of plastics entering oceans by over 80 per cent by 2040; reduce virgin plastic production by 55 per cent; save governments US$70 billion by 2040; reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 25 per cent; and create 700,000 additional jobs – mainly in the global south.
The historic resolution, titled “End Plastic Pollution: Towards an internationally legally binding instrument” was adopted with the conclusion of the three-day UNEA-5.2 meeting, attended by more than 3,400 in-person and 1,500 online participants from 175 UN Member States, including 79 ministers and 17 high-level officials.
The Assembly will be followed by “UNEP@50,” a two-day Special Session of the Assembly marking UNEP’s 50th anniversary where Member States are expected to address how to build a resilient and inclusive post-pandemic world.
NOTES TO EDITORS
Quote from the Government of Japan: “The resolution will clearly take us towards a future with no plastic pollution, including in the marine environment,” said Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi, Japan’s Environment Minister, whose draft resolution contributed to the final resolution. “United, we can make it happen. Together, let us go forward as we start the negotiations towards a better future with no plastic pollution.”
Quote from the Government of Peru: "We appreciate the support received from the various countries during this negotiation process," said Modesto Montoya, Peru’s Minister of Environment, whose draft resolution, proposed with the Government of Rwanda, contributed to the final resolution. "Peru will promote a new agreement that prevents and reduces plastic pollution, promotes a circular economy and addresses the full life cycle of plastics.”
Quote from the Government of Rwanda: “The world has come together act against plastic pollution – a serious threat to our planet. International partnerships will be crucial in tackling a problem that affects all of us, and the progress made at UNEA reflects this spirit of collaboration,” said Dr Jeanne d’Arc Mujawamariya, Rwanda's Minister of Environment. “We look forward to working with the INC and are optimistic about the opportunity to create a legally binding treaty as a framework for national ambition-setting, monitoring, investment, and knowledge transfer to end plastic pollution.”
The full text of the adopted resolution
UNEP@50: A time to reflect on the past and envision the future
The 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm, Sweden, was the first-ever UN conference with the word “environment” in its title. The creation of the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) was one of the most visible outcomes of this conference of many firsts. UNEP was created quite simply to be the environmental conscience of the UN and the world. Activities taking place through 2022 will look at significant progress made as well as what’s ahead in decades to come.
About the UN Environment Programme (UNEP)
UNEP is the leading global voice on the environment. It provides leadership and encourages partnership in caring for the environment by inspiring, informing and enabling nations and peoples to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations.
For more information, please contact:
Keisha Rukikaire, Head of News & Media, UN Environment Programme
Moses Osani, Media Officer, UN Environment Programme
TOPICS
Environmental rights and governance
UN Environment Assembly
Further Resources
The full text of the adopted resolution
Related Content
STATEMENTS
President of UNEA 5.2 Remarks at Opening Plenary
STORY
Environmental experts meet to plan the next UN Environment Assembly
Related Sustainable Development Goals
https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/historic-day-campaign-beat-plastic-pollution-nations-commit-develop
United Nations Environment Assembly of the
United Nations Environment Programme
Fifth session
Nairobi (hybrid), 22–26 February 2021 and 28 February–2 March 2022
Draft resolution
End plastic pollution: Towards an international legally binding instrument*
The United Nations Environment Assembly,
Noting with concern that the high and rapidly increasing levels of plastic pollution represent a serious environmental problem at a global scale, negatively impacting the environmental, social and economic dimensions of sustainable development,
Recognizing that plastic pollution includes microplastics,
Further noting with concern the specific impacts of plastic pollution on the marine environment,
Further noting that plastic pollution, in marine and other environments, can be of a transboundary nature and needs to be tackled, together with its impacts through a full lifecycle approach taking into account national circumstances and capabilities,
Reaffirming United Nations General Assembly resolution 70/1 of 25 September 2015, by which the United Nations General Assembly adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,
Reaffirming also the principles of the Rio Declaration on environment and development adopted in Rio de Janeiro in 1992,
Stressing the urgent need to strengthen the science-policy interface at all levels, improve understanding of the global impact of plastic pollution on the environment, and promote effective and progressive actions at the local, regional and global level, recognizing the important role of plastics for society,
Recalling United Nations Environment Assembly resolutions 1/6,
2/11, 3/7, 4/6, 4/7 and 4/9 and affirming the urgent need to
strengthen global coordination, cooperation and governance to take immediate actions towards the long-term elimination of plastic pollution, in marine and other environments, and of avoiding detriment from plastic pollution to ecosystems and the human activities dependent on them,
Recognizing the wide range of approaches, sustainable alternatives and technologies to address the full life-cycle of plastics further highlighting the need for enhanced international collaboration to facilitate access to technology, capacity building and scientific and technical cooperation and underlining that there is no single approach,
Underlining the importance of promoting sustainable design of products and materials so that they can be reused, remanufactured or recycled and therefore retained in the economy for as long as possible along with the resources they are made of, as well as minimizing the generation of waste, which can significantly contribute to sustainable production and consumption of plastics,
Welcoming efforts made by governments and international organizations, in particular through national, regional and international action plans, initiatives and instruments, including relevant multilateral agreements, such as G7 and G20 initiatives including the action plans of 2015 and 2017 addressing marine litter, Osaka Blue Ocean Vision, G20 Implementation Framework, Ocean Plastics Charter, the ASEAN Framework of Action on Marine Debris and the Bangkok Declaration on Combating Marine Debris, the APEC Roadmap on Marine Debris and to reduce plastic and microplastic pollution, the AOSIS Leaders Declaration of 2021, and St Johns Declaration of Caricom, the Basel
Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, and the outcome of the Ministerial Conference on Marine Litter and Plastic Pollution in 2021, and recognizing the need for complementary actions and a coherent and coordinated long-term global vision,
Noting with appreciation the significant work of the Global Partnership on Marine Litter and actions to tackle marine litter and plastic pollution supported and implemented by the United Nations Environment Programme, and taking into account the chair's summary of the ad hoc open-ended expert group on marine litter
and microplastics, which presents potential options for continued work for consideration by UNEA- 5,
Reaffirming the importance of cooperation, coordination and complementarity among relevant regional and international conventions and instruments, while respecting their respective mandates, to prevent plastic pollution and its related risks to human health and adverse effects on human well-being and the environment, including the 1973 International Convention for the
Prevention of Pollution from Ships and its 1978 Protocol, the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the 1972 Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matters and its 1996 Protocol, the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Convention on Biological Diversity, as well as among international organizations, regional instruments and programmes and recognizing efforts led by non-governmental organizations and the private sector,
Further recognizing that each country is best positioned to understand its own national circumstances, including its stakeholder activities, related to addressing plastic pollution, including in the marine environment,
Recognizing the significant contribution made by workers under informal and cooperative settings to collecting, sorting and recycling plastics in many countries,
Underlining that further international action is needed by developing an international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution, including in the marine environment,
1. Requests the Executive Director to convene an intergovernmental negotiating committee, commencing its work during the second half of 2022, with the ambition of completing its work by the end of 2024;
2. Acknowledges that some legal obligations arising out of a new international legally binding instrument will require capacity building and technical and financial assistance in order to be effectively implemented by developing countries and countries with economies in transition;
3. Decides that the intergovernmental negotiating committee is to develop an international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution, including in the marine environment henceforth referred to as the instrument, which could include both binding and voluntary approaches, based on a comprehensive approach that addresses the full lifecycle of plastic, taking into account among other things, the principles of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, as well as national circumstances and capabilities, including provisions:
(a) To specify the objectives of the instrument;
(b) To promote sustainable production and consumption of plastics, including, among others, product design, and environmentally sound waste management, including through resource efficiency and circular economy approaches;
(c) To promote national and international cooperative measures to reduce plastic pollution in the marine environment, including existing plastic pollution;
(d) To develop, implement and update national action plans reflecting country-driven approaches to contribute to the objectives of the instrument;
(e) To promote national action plans to work towards the prevention, reduction and elimination of plastic pollution, and to support regional and international cooperation;
(f) To specify national reporting, as appropriate;
(g) To periodically assess the progress of implementation of the instrument;
(h) To periodically assess the effectiveness of the instrument in achieving its objectives;
(i) To provide scientific and socio-economic assessments related to plastic pollution;
(j) To increase knowledge through awareness-raising, education and information exchange;
(k) To promote cooperation and coordination with relevant regional and international conventions, instruments and organizations, while recognizing their respective mandates, avoiding duplication, and promoting complementarity of action;
(l) To encourage action by all stakeholders, including the private sector, and to promote cooperation at the global, regional, national and local levels;
(m) To initiate a multi-stakeholder action agenda;
(n) To specify arrangements for capacity-building and technical assistance, technology transfer on mutually agreed terms, and financial assistance, recognizing that the effective implementation of some legal obligations under the instrument is dependent on the availability of capacity building and technical and adequate financial assistance;
(o) To promote research and development of sustainable, affordable, innovative and cost-efficient approaches;
(p) To address compliance;
4. Also decides that the intergovernmental negotiating committee, in its deliberations on the instrument, consider the following:
(a) Obligations, measures, and voluntary approaches in supporting the achievements of the objectives of the instrument;
(b) The need for a financial mechanism to support the implementation of the instrument, including the option of a dedicated multilateral fund;
(c) Flexibility that some provisions could allow countries discretion in implementation of their commitments taking into account the national circumstances;
(d) The best available science, traditional knowledge, knowledge of indigenous peoples and local knowledge systems;
(e) Lessons learned and best practices, including those from informal and cooperative settings;
(f) The possibility of a mechanism to provide policy relevant
scientific and socio-economic information and assessment related to plastic pollution;
(g) Efficient organization and streamlined secretariat arrangements;
(h) Consider any other aspects that the intergovernmental negotiating committee may consider relevant;
1-4 missing
5. Requests the Executive Director to convene an ad-hoc open- ended working group to hold one meeting during the first half of 2022 to prepare for the work of the intergovernmental negotiating committee in particular to discuss the timetable and organization of work of the intergovernmental negotiating committee, taking into account the provisions and elements identified in paragraphs 3 and 4 of the present resolution;
6. Stresses the need to ensure the widest possible and effective participation in the ad-hoc open-ended working group meeting and the intergovernmental negotiating committee;
7. Requests the Executive Director as a priority action to provide the necessary support to developing countries and countries with economies in transition to allow for effective participation in the work of the ad-hoc open-ended working group meeting and the intergovernmental negotiating committee;
8. Also requests the Executive Director to ensure the necessary support of the UNEP Secretariat to the intergovernmental negotiating committee and the ad-hoc open-ended working group;
9. Decides that participation in the ad-hoc open-ended working group and the intergovernmental negotiating committee should be open to all Member States of the United Nations and Members of its specialized agencies, to regional economic integration organizations, as well as relevant stakeholders, consistent with applicable United Nations rules;
10. Invites governments and other stakeholders in a position to do so to provide extra budgetary resources to help to support the implementation of the present resolution;
11. Requests the Executive Director to facilitate the participation of
and close cooperation and coordination with relevant regional and international instruments and initiatives and all relevant stakeholders in the context of the mandate of the intergovernmental negotiating committee;
12. Also requests the Executive Director to convene a diplomatic conference of plenipotentiaries upon completion of negotiations in the intergovernmental negotiating committee, for the purpose of adopting and opening for signature the instrument;
13. Further requests the Executive Director to report on progress on the work of the intergovernmental negotiating committee to the 6th session of UNEA;
14. Requests the Executive Director to continue to support and advance the work of the Global Partnership on Marine Litter, while strengthening scientific, technical and technological knowledge with regard to plastic pollution, including in the marine environment, inter alia, on methodologies for monitoring, and sharing available scientific and other relevant data and information;
15. Calls upon all Member States to continue and step up activities and adopt voluntary measures to combat plastic pollution, including measures related to sustainable consumption and production, which may include circular economy approaches, and developing and implementing national action plans, while fostering international action and initiatives under respective national regulatory frameworks, and also on a voluntary basis to provide statistical information on environmentally sound management of plastic waste, as appropriate, taking into account their national circumstances;
16. Requests the Executive Director, subject to the availability of financial resources, to convene a forum in conjunction with the first session of the intergovernmental negotiating committee, building upon existing initiatives, where appropriate, that is open to all stakeholders to exchange information and activities related to plastic pollution.
www.unep.org
Reaksi Terhadap Draf Resolusi UNEP
Dua hari setelah terbitnya draf Resolusi UNEA 5, bermunculan tanggapan korporasi minyak raksasa, korporasi kemasan sekali pakai dan pandangan pemerintah.
Produsen raksasa plastik menginginkan agar traktat berfokus kepada pengelolaan sampah dan pihak Uni Eropa juga beberapa negara berkembang mendorong kepada pembatasan produksi plastik.
Sebagai catatan, UNEP memperkirakan pada 2050 industry plastik akan mencapai sekitar 20% dari total konsumsi minyak. Dengan perkiraab itu kondisi polusi plastik akan mencapai 4x lipat pada 2050. Beberapa spesies laut akan punah dan tidak terpulihkan kerusakan ekosistem sensitif seperti batu karang dan mangrove - sebagaimana hasil studi yang sudah dihimpun WWF, yaitu sebanyak 2.000 kajian ilmiah.
Korporasi Petrokimia mengatakan bahwa daur ulang dan pengumpulan sampah adalah jawaban yang lebih baik (daripada mengatur kepada produksi). Produksi biji plastic (virgin plastic resin) ditaksir akan naik dua kali lipat pada 2040.
Pengaturan produksi resin plastik tidak didukung oleh Dewan Kimia Amerika, yang mewakili Exxon Mobil (XOM.N), Shell dan Dow (DOW.N).
Pemerintah Amerika Serikat tidak memberikan posisi yang jelas. Padahal Amrik adalah negara yang paling banyak membuat polusi plastik sekali pakai per kapita dibandingkan dengan negara lain.
Tujuan traktat itu adalah memberikan kekuasaan untuk membangun rencana aksi Nasional yang terbaik untuk mereka kerjakan. Begitu ujaran Monica Medina, ketua delegasi Amrik.
Menurut sejumlah investigasi oleh Reuters pada beberapa waktu sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa teknologi baru untuk daur ulang menderita kemunduran sementara membakar sampah plastik meningkat sebagai bahan bakar murah.
Kurang dari 10% yang didaur ulang, sebagian lantaran plastik baru yang diproduksi industri minyak begitu melimpah dan murah harganya.
Itu ia naive to think that recycling ia going to help. We need to start first of all with prevention measures, the EU's enviromental chief Virginijus Sinkevicius told Reuters, adding gw want to see curbs on virgin plastic production.
Bagi pemerintah Jepang mempromosikan pemakaian material alternatif, seperti plastik hayati daripada membatasi material biji plastik. Pendekatan lunak yang dikatakan Yoshihide Hirao, pegawai lingkungan hidup pemerintah Jepang diterima oleh sektor Petrokimia di negara itu.
Traktak itu akan mengenai pula terhadap kemasan sekali pakai yang diproduksi Coca-Cola (KO.N), PepsiCo (PEP.O), Unilever (ULVR.L) dan Nestle (NESN.S). Korporasi ini mengikuti arah Uni Eropa, yaitu memakai materi daur ulang,; mereka berharap agar produksi virgin dikurangi juga pemakaiannya.
Kepala UNEP Inger Andersen mengatakan bahwa pengurangan produksi plastik adalah hal yang paling kompleks untuk diatasi oleh para negosiator.
Simak, neh... "I think people don't know what they have sign up for," say Anne Aittomaki, strategi directory of Danish enviromental non-profit Plastic Change.
Saya ringkas dari berita Reuters.com ... Karena naskahnya tidak dapat saya salin-tempel.
--o0o---
Baca juga
Plastik dan Sampah: Pantauan bulan Maret 2022, Oleh: Riza V. Tjahjadi
tapi, silahkan googling, ya:
Atau
Silahkan cantumkan email anda jika anda ingin membaca lanjut pantauan ini pada setiap minggu I awal bulan.
Gratis, tis, tissss
Kirim imil anda ke biotani@gmail.com
Edisi lalu:
Plastik dan Sampah: Pantauan bulan Januari 2022, Oleh: Riza V. Tjahjadi
https://www.slideshare.net/biotani/plastik-dan-sampah-pantauan-januari-2022
Klik juga
Songsong perjanjian global tentang #polusiplastik ~ Toward Global Agreement on #PlasticPollution
Turut sadarkan publik bahwa mulai 28 Februari 2022 hingga 2 tahun yad di UNEP sedang berlangsung penyusunan Persetujuan Global tentang #polusiplastik
Klik juga
Ini narasi video saya:
Hai saudara-saudara pemeduli lingkungan hidup,
Ada kabar baik,
Seluruh anggota Perserikatan bangsa-bangsa, PBB, dalam Sidang Umum
Program Lingkungan Hidup PBB (UNEP) pada tanggal 3 Maret 2022 telah menerbitkan resolusi.
Resolusi itu pada pokoknya seluruh anggota PBB sepakat menyusun satu Kesepakatan Global yang secara hukum mengikat.
Yaitu untuk mengatasi Polusi Plastik, termasuk sampah plastik dan plastik mikro.
dst
Bacaan lain
Tautannya
https://www.slideshare.net/RizaVTjahjadi/plastik-sampah-plastik-pantau-desember-21
Tautan (November 2021 – April 2020 yl):
https://www.slideshare.net/biotani/plastik-dan-sampah-plastik-pantau-november-2021-1
#beatplasticpollution for #cleanseas
#kendalikansampahplastik
#plasticpollution treaty
#sampahplastik
#plastikmikro
#bioplastic
#pantauanplastikdansampah
#plastikdansampah
